Fertility and Sterility
Volume 76, Issue 4 , Pages 707-711 , October 2001

Maternal serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2 receptor in threatened abortion: a comparison with normal and pathologic pregnancies

  • Fatih Gücer, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Fatih Gücer, M.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey (FAX: 90-284-235-18-93)
    • ,
  • Petek Balkanli-Kaplan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
    • ,
  • Mahmut Yüksel, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
    • ,
  • N.Cenk Sayin, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
    • ,
  • M.Ali Yüce, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
    • ,
  • Turgut Yardim, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey

Received 23 January 2001 ,Revised 23 April 2001 ,Accepted 23 April 2001.

References 

  1. Clark DA. Alloimmunity and pregnancy loss. In:  Gleicher N, et al. editor. Principles and practice of medical therapy in pregnancy. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 1998;p. 511–521
  2. Chaouat G, Menu E, Clark DA, Minkowski M, Wegmann TG. Control of fetal survival in CBA × DBA/2 mice by lymphokine therapy. J Reprod Fertil. 1990;89:447–458
  3. Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L, Mosmann TR. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship (is successful pregnancy a Th2 phenomenon?). Immunol Today. 1993;14:353–356
  4. Arck PC, Ferrick DA, Steele-Norwood D, Croitoru K, Clark DA. Murine T cell determination of pregnancy outcome. I. Effects of strain, alpha-beta T cell receptor, gamma-delta T cell receptor, and gamma-delta T cell subsets. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997;37:492–502
  5. Arck PC, Ferrick DA, Steele-Norwood D, Egan PJ, Croitoru K, Carding SR, et al.  Murine T cell determination of pregnancy outcome. Cell Immunol. 1999;196:71–79
  6. Raghupathy R. Th1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy. Immunol Today. 1997;18:478–482
  7. Clark DA, Chaouat G, Arck PC, Mittruecker HW, Levy GA. Cutting edge (cytokine dependent abortion in CBA × DBA/2 mice is mediated by the procoagulant fgl2 prothrombinase). J Immunol. 1998;160:545–549
  8. Arck PC, Troutt AB, Clark DA. Soluble receptors neutralizing TNF-α and IL-1 block stress-triggered murine abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997;37:262–266
  9. Chaouat G. Synergy of lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines in murine pregnancy (alloimmunization prevents abortion but does not affect the induction of preterm delivery). Cell Immunol. 1994;157:328–340
  10. Romagnani S. Human Th1 and Th2 subsets (regulation of differentiation and role in protection and immunopathology). Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1992;98:279–285
  11. Yui J, Garcia-Lloret M, Wegmann TG, Guilbert LJ. Cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and gamma-interferon against primary human placental trophoblasts. Placenta. 1994;15:819–835
  12. Raghupathy R, Makhseed M, Azizieh F, Hassan N, Al-Azemi M, Al-Shamali E. Maternal Th1 and Th2 type reactivity to placental antigens in normal human pregnancy and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions. Cell Immunol. 1999;196:122–130
  13. Haimovici F, Hill JA, Anderson DJ. The effects of soluble products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages on blastocyst implantation events in vitro. Biol Reprod. 1991;44:69–76
  14. MacLean MA, Wilson R, Thomson JA, Krishnamurty S, Walker JJ. Changes in immunologic parameters in normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Am Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:890–895
  15. Voigt HJ, Steib L. Tumor necrosis factor and pregnancy—a contribution to the immunology of reproduction. Arch Gynceol Obstet. 1989;246:223–226
  16. Favier R, Edelman P, Mary JY, Sadoul G. Presence of elevated serum interleukin-2 levels in pregnant women. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:270
  17. Opsjon SL, Austgulen R, Waage A. Interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor at delivery in preeclamptic disorders. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1995;74:19–26
  18. Matalliotakis I, Sifakis S, Koumantaki Y, Papadopoulou E, Neonaki M, Froudarakis G, et al.  Serum soluble CD23 and TNF-alpha in women with spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1999;26:118–119
  19. Mallmann P, Mallmann R, Krebs D. Determination of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1991;249:73–78
  20. Kilpatrick DC. Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in recurrent miscarriage and the effect of leukocyte immunotherapy. Immunol Lett. 1992;34:201–206
  21. Shaarawy M, Nagui AR. Enhanced expression of cytokines may play a fundamental role in the mechanisms of immunologically mediated recurrent spontaneous abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1997;76:205–211
  22. Makhseed M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F, Farhat R, Hassan N, Bandar A. Circulating cytokines and CD30 in normal human pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortions. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:2011–2017
  23. Vassiliadis S, Ranella A, Papadimitriou L, Makrygiannakis A, Athanassakias V. Serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in non-pregnant women, during pregnancy, labour and abortion. Mediators Inflamm. 1998;7:69–72
  24. Szekeres-Bartho J, Faust Z, Varga P, Szereday L, Kelemen K. The immunological pregnancy protective effect of progesterone is manifested via controlling cytokine production. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1996;35:348–351
  25. Matalliotakis I, Neonaki M, Giannakopoulou C, Goumenou A, Hassan E, Koumantakis E. Immunologic variables in normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1998;43:262–266
  26. Drake BL, Head JR. Murine trophoblast can be killed by lymphokine-activated killer cells. J Immunol. 1989;143:9–14
  27. Kovacs E, Meichsner-Frauli M, Ludwig H. Interleukin-2 receptor positive cells in human decidua during the first trimester of pregnancy and their association with macrophages. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1992;251:93–100
  28. Marzi M, Vigano A, Trabatoni D, Villa ML, Salvaggio A, Clerici E, et al. Characterization of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production profile in physiologic and pathologic human pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996;106:127–133
  29. Makhseed M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F, Al-Azemi NM, Hassan NA, Bandar A. Mitogen-induced cytokine responses of maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate a differential Th-type bias in normal pregnancy and pregnancy failure. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1999;42:273–281

PII: S0015-0282(01)02002-7

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 76, Issue 4 , Pages 707-711 , October 2001

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution