Conception, early pregnancy loss, and time to clinical pregnancy: a population-based prospective study☆

Abstract 

Objective

To examine rates of conception and pregnancy loss and their relations with time to clinical pregnancy and reproductive outcomes.

Design

A prospective observational study.

Setting

Population-based cohort in China.

Patient(s)

Five hundred eighteen healthy newly married women who intended to conceive. Upon stopping contraception, daily records of vaginal bleeding and daily first-morning urine specimens were obtained for ≤1 year or until a clinical pregnancy was achieved. Daily urinary hCG was assayed to detect early pregnancy loss (EPL).

Intervention(s)

None.

Main outcome measure(s)

Conception, pregnancy loss, and time to clinical pregnancy.

Result(s)

The conception rate per cycle was 40% over the first 12 months. Of the 618 detectable conceptions, 49 (7.9%) ended in clinical spontaneous abortion, and 152 (24.6%) in EPL. Early pregnancy loss was detected in 14% of all the cycles without clinically recognized pregnancy, but the frequencies were lower among women with delayed time to clinical pregnancy. Early pregnancy loss in the preceding cycle was associated with increased odds of conception (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–3.9), clinical pregnancy (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–3.0), and EPL (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4–4.2) but was not associated with spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, or preterm birth in the subsequent cycle.

Conclusion(s)

We demonstrated substantial EPL in the non–clinically pregnant cycles and a positive relation between EPL and subsequent fertility.

Keywords:  Conception, early pregnancy loss, time to clinical pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), prospective study