Fertility and Sterility
Volume 89, Issue 3 , Pages 662-667 , March 2008

Association of secondary sex ratio with smoking and parity

Received 22 September 2006 ,Revised 7 March 2007 ,Accepted 7 March 2007.

References 

  1. James WH. The sex ratios of Black births. Ann Hum Biol. 1984;11:39–44
  2. James WH. The sex ratio of Oriental births. Ann Hum Biol. 1985;12:485–487
  3. Van den Brock JM. Change in male proportion among newborn infants. [letter] Lancet. 1997;349:805
  4. Graffelman J, Hoekstra RF. A statistical analysis of the effect of warfare on the human secondary sex ratio. Hum Biol. 2000;72:433–445
  5. James WH. Sex ratios of offspring and the causes of placental pathology. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:1403–1406
  6. James WH. The sex ratio of children born to women with dermatoses of pregnancy. [letter] Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:1345–1346
  7. Chahnazarian A, Blumberg BS, London WT. Hepatitis B and the sex ratio at birth: a comparative analysis of four populations. J Biosoc Sci. 1988;20:357–370
  8. Ménézo YJR, Chouteau J, Torello MJ, Girard A, Veiga A. Birth weight and sex ratio after transfer at the blastocyst stage in humans. Fertil Steril. 1999;72:221–224
  9. Zorn B, Šučur V, Stare J, Meden-Vrtovec H. Decline in sex ratio at birth after 10-day war in Slovenia. Hum Reprod 17:3173–7.
  10. Fukuda M, Fukuda K, Shimizu T, Moller H. Decline in sex ratio at birth after Kobe earthquake. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:2321–2322
  11. Catalano R, Bruckner T, Gould J, Eskenazi B, Anderson E. Sex ratios in California following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:1221–1227
  12. James WH. The associated offspring sex ratios and cause(s) of hyperemesis gravidarum. [letter] Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001;80:378–379
  13. Shields MD, O'Hare B, Nelson J, Stewart MC, Coyle P. Different sex ratios at birth in Europe and North America. Maternal cytomegalovirus seropositivity affects sex determination. [letter] Br Med J. 2002;324:1010–1011
  14. Sakamoto M, Nakano A, Akagi H. Declining Minamata male birth ratio associated with increased male fetal death due to heavy mercury pollution. Environ Res. 2001;87:92–97
  15. Lyster WR. Altered sex ratio in children of divers. [letter] Lancet. 1982;ii:152
  16. Nordstrom S, Birke E, Gustavsson L. Reproductive hazards among workers at high voltage substations. Bioelectromagnetics. 1983;4:91–101
  17. Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Gerthoux PM, Patterson DG, Needham LL. Change in sex ratio with exposure to dioxin. [letter] Lancet. 1996;348:409
  18. Moshammer H, Neuberger M. Sex ratio in the children of the Australian chloracne cohort. [letter] Lancet. 2000;356:1271–1272
  19. del Rio Gomez I, Marshall T, Tsai P, Shao Y-S, Guo YL. Number of boys born to men exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Lancet. 2002;360:143–144
  20. Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Ferrari E, Patterson DG, Kieszak SM, Brambilla P, et al. Paternal concentrations of dioxin and sex ratio of offspring. Lancet. 2000;355:1858–1863
  21. Schnorr TM, Lawson CC, Whelan EA, Dankovic DA, Dedens JA, Piacitelli LA, et al. Spontaneous abortion, sex ratio and paternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109:1127–1132
  22. Karmaus W, Huang S, Cameron L. Parental concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene and polychlorinated biphenyls in Michigan fish eaters and sex ratio in offspring. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44:8–13
  23. Imaizumi Y, Murata M. The secondary sex ratio, paternal age, maternal age and birth order in Japan. Ann Hum Genet. 1979;42:457–465
  24. James WH, Rostron J. Paternal age, parity and sex ratio in births in England and Wales 1968–77. J Biosoc Sci. 1985;17:47–56
  25. Ruder A. Paternal-age and birth-order effect on the human secondary sex ratio. Am J Hum Genet. 1985;37:362–372
  26. Jacobsen R, Moller H, Mouritsen A. Natural variation in the human sex ratio. Hum Reprod. 1999;14:3120–3125
  27. James WH. The human sex ratio. Part 1: a review of the literature. Hum Biol. 1987;59:721–752
  28. Juntunen KST, Kvist A-P, Kauppila AJI. A shift from a male to a female majority in newborns with the increasing age of grant grand multiparous women. Hum Reprod. 1997;12:2321–2323
  29. Almagor M, Schwed P, Yaffe H. Male to female ratio in newborns of grand grand multiparous women. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:2323–2324
  30. Fukuda M, Fukuda K, Shimizu T, Andersen CY, Byskov AG. Parental periconceptual smoking and male:female ratio of newborn infants. [research letter] Lancet. 2002;359:1407–1408
  31. Mills JL, England L, Granath F, Cnattingius S. Cigarette smoking and the male-female sex ratio. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:1243–1245
  32. Obel C, Henriksen TB, Hedegaard M, Bech BH, Wisborg K, Olsen J. Periconceptual smoking and the male to female ratio in the offspring—re-assessment of a recently proposed hypothesis. [letter] Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32:470–471
  33. Leung GM, Ho LM, Lam TH. Periconceptional parental smoking and sex ratio of offspring. [letter] Lancet. 2002;360:1515
  34. Heron J, Ness A. Lack of association between smoking behavior and the sex ratio of offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:700–702
  35. Martin JF. Hormonal and behavioral determinants of the secondary sex ratio. Soc Biol. 1995;42:226–238
  36. James WH. Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels at the time of conception. J Theor Biol. 1996;180:271–286
  37. James WH. Why are boys more likely to be preterm than girls? Plus other related conundrums in human reproduction. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:2108–2111
  38. Jongbloet PH. Over-ripeness ovopathy: a challenging hypothesis for sex ratio modulation. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:769–774
  39. James WH. Smoking and sex selection?—not proven yet. [letter] Fertil Steril. 2003;80:1289
  40. Beratis NG, Varvarigou A, Makri M, Vagenakis AG. Prolactin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in newborn children of smoking mothers. Clin Endocrinol. 1994;40:179–185
  41. Varvarigou AA, Beratis NG, Makri M, Vagenakis AG. Increased levels and positive correlation between erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentration in children of mothers who are smokers. J Pediatr. 1994;124:480–482
  42. Mantzoros CS, Varvarigou A, Kaklamani VG, Beratis NG, Flier JS. Effect of birth weight and maternal smoking on cord blood leptin concentrations of full-term and preterm newborns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2856–2861
  43. Chasiotis-Tourikis E, Varvarigou A, Yarmenitis S, Vandoros N, Beratis NG. Maternal smoking during pregnancy improves the anatomy of the hip joint in the female neonate. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003;14:45–50
  44. Varvarigou A, Petsali M, Vassilakos P, Beratis NG. Increased cortisol concentrations in the cord blood of newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. J Perinat Med. 2006;34:466–470
  45. Worldpress.org-Greece profile. Available at: http://www.worldpress.org/profiles/greece.cfm. Accessed April 12, 2007.
  46. Sicletidis LT, Chloros D, Tsiotsios I, Kottakis I, Kaiafa O, Kaouri S, et al. High prevalence of smoking in Northern Greece. Prim Care Respir J. 2006;15:92–97
  47. Beratis S, Lekka NP, Gabriel J. Smoking among suicide attempters. Compr Psychiatry. 1997;38:74–79
  48. Beratis S, Katrivanou A, Gourzis P. Factors affecting smoking in schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry. 2001;42:393–402
  49. US Central Intelligence Agency. The world factbook. Countries of the world. Sex ratio 2003. Available at: http://www.bartleby.com/151/fields/27.html. Accessed September 20, 2006.
  50. Bottini N, Magrini A, Cosmi E, Gloria-Botini F, Saccucci P, Dilorio R, et al. Genetics of signal transduction and the effect of maternal smoking on sex ratio of offspring. Am J Hum Biol. 2004;16:588–592
  51. Gloria-Bottini F, Meloni GF, Grassi S, Bottini N, Saccucci P, Giarrizzo GF, et al. ACP1 and offspring sex ratio in smoking puerperae: a study at population level. Early Hum Dev. 2006;12:[Epub ahead of print]
  52. James WH. Smoking, sperm quality and testosterone level. [letter] Hum Reprod. 2002;17:3275–3276

PII: S0015-0282(07)00621-8

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.034

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 89, Issue 3 , Pages 662-667 , March 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution