Fertility and Sterility
Volume 90, Issue 4 , Pages 1155-1160 , October 2008

Association of the protein Z intron F G79A gene polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss

  • Astrid Dossenbach-Glaninger, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria
  • ,
  • Michael van Trotsenburg, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • ,
  • Hanns Helmer, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • ,
  • Christian Oberkanins, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • ViennaLab Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
  • ,
  • Pierre Hopmeier, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Pierre Hopmeier, M.D., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Juchgasse 25, A-1030 Vienna, Austria (FAX: +43 1 71165 3309).

Received 20 June 2007 ,Revised 25 July 2007 ,Accepted 25 July 2007.

References 

  1. Brenner B. Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy loss. Thromb Haemost. 1999;82:634–640
  2. Rey E, Kahn SR, David M, Shrier I. Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003;361:901–908
  3. Sarig G, Younis JS, Hoffman R, Lanir N, Blumenfeld Z, Brenner B. Thrombophilia is common in women with idiopathic pregnancy loss and is associated with late pregnancy wastage. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:342–347
  4. Sanson BJ, Friederich PW, Simioni P, Zanardi S, Hilsman MV, Girolami A, et al. The risk of abortion and stillbirth in antithrombin-, protein C–, and protein S–deficient women. Thromb Haemost. 1996;75:387–388
  5. Gris JC, Quere I, Sanmarco M, Boutiere B, Mercier E, Amiral J, et al. Antiphospholipid and antiprotein syndromes in nonthrombotic, nonautoimmune women with unexplained recurrent primary early foetal loss. The Nimes Obstetricians and Haematologists Study—NOHA. Thromb Haemost. 2000;84:228–236
  6. Lockshin MD. Pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipide syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 1999;82:641–648
  7. Unfried G, Griesmacher A, Weismuller W, Nagele F, Huber JC, Tempfer CB. The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:614–619
  8. Ren A, Wang J. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and the risk of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:1716–1722
  9. Dossenbach-Glaninger A, van Trotsenburg M, Dossenbach MR, Oberkanins C, Moritz A, Krugluger W, et al. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and coagulation factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism: impaired fibrinolysis and early pregnancy loss. Clin Chem. 2003;49:1081–1086
  10. Buchholz T, Lohse P, Rogenhofer N, Kosian E, Pihusch R, Thaler CJ. Polymorphisms in the ACE and PAI-1 genes are associated with recurrent spontaneous miscarriages. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:2473–2477
  11. Goodman CS, Coulam CB, Jeyendram RS, Acosta VA, Roussev R. Which thrombophilic gene mutations are risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss?. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2006;56:230–236
  12. Fatini C, Genuini F, Bavaglini B, Prisco D, Fedi S, Marcucci R, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype, angiotensin type 1 receptor CC genotype, and hyperhomocysteinemia increase first-trimester fetal-loss susceptibility. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2000;11:657–662
  13. Gris JC, Quere I, Dechaud H, Mercier E, Pincon C, Hoffet M, et al. High frequency of protein Z deficiency in patients with unexplained early fetal loss. Blood. 2002;99:2606–2608
  14. Grandone E, Colaizzo D, Cappucci F, Cocomazzi N, Margaglione M. Protein Z levels and unexplained fetal losses. Fertil Steril. 2004;82:982–983
  15. Paidas MJ, Ku DH, Lee MJ, Manish S, Thurston A, Lockwood CJ, et al. Protein Z, protein S levels are lower in patients with thrombophilia and subsequent pregnancy complications. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:497–501
  16. Rice GI, Futers TS, Grant PJ. Identification of novel polymorphisms within the protein Z gene, haplotype distribution and linkage analysis. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:1123–1124
  17. Santacroce R, Cappucci F, Di Perna P, Sessa F, Margaglione M. Protein Z gene polymorphisms are associated with protein Z plasma levels. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:1197–1199
  18. Santacroce R, Sarno M, Cappucci F, Sessa F, Colaizzo D, Brancaccio V, et al. Low protein Z levels and risk of occurrence of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:2417–2422
  19. Lichy C, Kropp S, Dong-Si T, Genius J, Dolan T, Hampe T, et al. A common polymorphism of the protein Z gene is associated with protein Z plasma levels and with risk of cerebral ischemia in the young. Stroke. 2004;35:40–45
  20. Staton J, Sayer M, Hankey GJ, Cole V, Thom J, Eikelboom JW. Protein Z gene polymorphisms, protein Z concentrations, and ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2005;36:1123–1127
  21. Kutteh WH, Triplett DA. Thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med. 2006;24:54–66
  22. Coulam CB, Jeyendram RS, Fishel LA, Roussev R. Multiple thrombophilic gene mutations rather than specific gene mutations are risk factors for recurrent miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2006;55:360–368
  23. Jivraj S, Rai R, Underwood J, Regan L. Genetic thrombophilic mutations among couples with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod. 2006;2:1161–1165
  24. Dossenbach-Glaninger A, van Trotsenburg M, Dossenbach MR, Oberkanins C, Moritz A, Krugluger W, et al. Elevated coagulation factor VIII and the risk for recurrent early pregnancy loss. Thromb Haemost. 2004;91:694–699
  25. Lichy C, Dong-Si T, Reuner K, Genius J, Rickmann H, Hampe T, et al. Risk of cerebral venous thrombosis and novel gene polymorphisms of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. J Neurol. 2006;253:316–320
  26. Kamphuisen PW, Eikenboom JC, Vos HL, Pablo R, Sturk A, Bertina RM, et al. Increased levels of factor VIII and fibrinogen in patients with venous thrombosis are not caused by acute phase reactions. Thromb Haemost. 1999;81:680–683
  27. Schambeck CM, Hinney K, Haubitz I, Mansouri Taleghani B, Wahler D, et al. Familial clustering of high factor VIII levels in patients with venous thromboembolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:289–292

 Supported by Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany.

 Presented at the 6th International Symposium on Molecular Diagnostics in Laboratory Medicine and 3rd International Symposium on Gene Therapy, May 25–27, 2006, Graz, Austria.

 Dr. Oberkanins is an employee of ViennaLab Diagnostics.

PII: S0015-0282(07)03021-X

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1376

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 90, Issue 4 , Pages 1155-1160 , October 2008