Fertility and Sterility
Volume 91, Issue 4 , Pages 1056-1060 , April 2009

Body mass index is an independent risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization

  • Reside Onalan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Gogsen Onalan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Gogsen Onalan, M.D., Baskent University School of Medicine, Kubilay Sok no. 36 Maltepe, Ankara, Turkey, 06570 (FAX: +90-312-2323912).
    • ,
  • Esra Tonguc, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Tulin Ozdener, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Muammer Dogan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Leyla Mollamahmutoglu, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

Received 15 September 2007 ,Revised 2 January 2008 ,Accepted 2 January 2008.

References 

  1. Rama Raju GA, Shashi Kumari G, Krishna KM, Prakash GJ, Madan K. Assessment of uterine cavity by hysteroscopy in assisted reproduction programme and its influence on pregnancy outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006;274:160–164
  2. Hinckley MD, Milki AA. 1000 office-based hysteroscopies prior to in-vitro fertilization: feasibility and findings. JSLS. 2004;8:103–107
  3. Goldstein SR, Monteagudo A, Popiolek D, Mayberry P, Timor-Tritsch I. Evaluation of endometrial polyps. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;86:669–674
  4. In:  Rowe PJ,  Comhaire FH,  Hargreave TB,  Mellows HJ editor. Word Health Organization manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of infertile couple. Cambridge: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge; 1993;
  5. La Sala GB, Montanari R, Dessanti L, Cigarini C, Sartori F. The role of diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril. 1998;70:378–380
  6. Shushan A, Rojansky N. Should hysteroscopy be a part of the basic infertility workup?. Hum Reprod. 1999;14:1923–1924
  7. Nawroth F, Foth D, Schmidt T. Minihysteroscopy as routine diagnostic procedure in women with primary infertility. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2003;10:396–398
  8. Pansky M, Feingold M, Sagi R, Herman A, Schneider D, Halperin R. Diagnostic hysteroscopy as a primary tool in a basic infertility workup. JSLS. 2006;10:231–235
  9. De Placido G, Clarizia R, Cadente C, Castaldo G, Romano C, Mollo A, et al. Compliance and diagnostic efficacy of mini-hysteroscopy versus traditional hysteroscopy in infertility investigation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;135:83–87
  10. Mooney SB, Milki AA. Effect of hysteroscopy performed in the cycle preceding controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:637–638
  11. Oliveira FG, Abdelmassih VG, Diamond MP, Dozortsev D, Nagy ZP, Abdelmassih R. Uterine cavity findings and hysteroscopic interventions in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer who repeatedly cannot conceive. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:1371–1375
  12. Doldi N, Persico P, Di Sebastiano F, Marsiglio E, De Santis L, Rabellotti E, et al. Pathologic findings in hysteroscopy before in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Gynecol Endocrinol. 2005;21:235–237
  13. Crosignani PG, Rubin BL. Optimal use of infertility diagnostic tests and treatments. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:723–732
  14. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists . Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines (1999). Guideline Summary No. 2: the initial investigation and management of the infertile couple. BJU Int. 1999;83:636–640
  15. Siristatidis C, Bhattacharya S. Unexplained infertility: does it really exist? Does it matter?. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:2084–2087
  16. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:19–25
  17. Bakour SH, Jones SE, O'Donovan P. Ambulatory hysteroscopy: evidence-based guide to diagnosis and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;20:953–975
  18. Lass A, Williams G, Abusheikha N, Brinsden P. The effect of endometrial polyps on outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 1999;16:410–415
  19. Varasteh NN, Neuwirth RS, Levin B, Keltz MD. Pregnancy rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy and myomectomy in infertile women. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94:168–171
  20. Reslova T, Tosner J, Rels M, Kugler R, Vavrova I. Endometrial polyps: a clinical study of 245 cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1999;262:133–139
  21. Pasquali R. Obesity and androgens: facts and perspectives. Fertil Steril. 2006;85:1319–1340
  22. Zaadastra BM, Seidell JC, Van Noord PA, te Velde ER, Habbema JD, Vrieswijk B, et al. Fat and female fecundity: prospective study of effect of body fat distribution on conception rates. BMJ. 1993;306:484–487
  23. Wang J, Davies M, Norman R. Body mass and probability of pregnancy during assisted reproduction treatment: retrospective study. BMJ. 2000;321:1320–1321
  24. Hamilton-Fairley D, Kiddy D, Watson H, Paterson C, Franks S. Association of moderate obesity with a poor pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with low dose gonadotrophin. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1992;99:128–131
  25. Crossignani PG, Ragni G, Parazzini F, Wyssling H, Lombroso G, Perotti L. Anthropometric indicators and response to gonadotrophin for ovulation induction. Hum Reprod. 1994;9:420–423
  26. Fedocksáck P, Dale PO, Storeng R, Tanbo T, Abyholm T. The impact of obesity and insulin resistance on the IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2001;6:1086–1091
  27. Loveland JB, McClamrock HD, Malinow AM, Sharara FI. Increased body mass index has a deleterious effect on in vitro fertilization outcome. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2001;18:382–386
  28. Nichols JE, Crane MM, Higdon HL, Miller PB, Boone WR. Extremes of body mass index reduce in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:645–657
  29. Fedocksáck P, Dale PO, Storeng R, Ertzeid G, Bjercke S, Oldereid N, et al. Impact of overweight on assisted reproduction treatment. Hum Reprod. 2004;11:2523–2528
  30. Wittemer C, Ohl J, Bailly M, Bettahar-Lebugle K, Nisand I. Does body mass index of infertile women have an impact on IVF procedure and outcome?. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2000;17:547–552
  31. Carrell DT, Jones KP, Peterson CM, Aoki V, Emery BR, Campbell BR. Body mass index is inversely related to intrafollicular HCG concentrations, embryo quality and IVF outcome. Reprod Biomed Online. 2001;3:109–111
  32. Mulders AG, Laven JS, Eijkemans MJ, Hughes EG, Fauser BC. Patient predictors for outcome of gonadotrophin ovulation induction in women with normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9:429–449
  33. van Swieten ECAM, van der Leew-Harmsen L, Badings EA, van der Linden PJQ. Obesity and clomiphene challenge test as predictors of outcome of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2005;59:220–224
  34. Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CD, Emeis JJ, Coppack SW. C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:972–978
  35. Visser M, Bouter LM, McQuillan GM, Wener MH, Harris TB. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. JAMA. 1999;282:2131–2135
  36. Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, Atkinson RL, Spiegelman BM. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2409–2415
  37. Gosman GG, Katcher HI, Legro RS. Obesity and the role of gut and adipose hormones in female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 2006;12:585–601
  38. Inagaki N, Ung L, Otani T, Wilkinson D, Lopata A. Uterine cavity matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines in patients with leiomyoma, adenomyosis or endometrial polyp. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;111:197–203
  39. Mittal K, Schwarz L, Goswami S, Demopoulos R. Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in endometrial polyps. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1996;15:345–348
  40. Bergeron C. Effect of estrogens and antiestrogens on the endometrium. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2002;30:933–937
  41. Taylor LJ, Jackson TL, Reid JG, Duffy SRG. The differential expression of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, bcl-2 and Ki67 in endometrial polyps. BJOG. 2003;110:794–798
  42. Almeida ECS, Nogueira AA, Reis FJC, Ramalho LNZ, Zucoloto S. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial polyps and adjacent endometrium in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004;49:229–233
  43. Lurai JR. Uterine cancer. In:  Berek JS editors. Berek & Novak's gynecology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007;p. 1343–1401

 Presented in part at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, October 13–17, 2007, Washington, D.C.

PII: S0015-0282(08)00026-5

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.002

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 91, Issue 4 , Pages 1056-1060 , April 2009

Article Tools