Fertility and Sterility
Volume 91, Issue 5 , Pages 1857-1863 , May 2009

Suppression and recovery of gonadotropin and steroid secretion by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist in healthy women with normal ovulation versus women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the early follicular phase

  • Francesca Sagnella, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
  • ,
  • Rosanna Apa, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Rosanna Apa, M.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy (FAX: 39-06-3057794).
  • ,
  • Maurizio Guido, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
  • ,
  • Paola Villa, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
  • ,
  • Valentina Spadoni, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
  • ,
  • Fiorella Miceli, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
  • ,
  • Antonio Lanzone, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro, Rome, Italy
    • “OASI” Institute for Research, Troina, Italy

Received 8 February 2007 ,Revised 11 February 2008 ,Accepted 12 February 2008.

References 

  1. Homburg R. Polycystic ovary syndrome—from gynaecological curiosity to multisystem endocrinopathy. Hum Reprod. 1996;11:29–39
  2. Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:853–861
  3. Kiddy DS, Sharp PS, White DM, Scanlon MF, Mason HD, Bray CS, et al. Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non-obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of 263 consecutive cases. Clin Endocrinol. 1990;32:213–220
  4. Kiddy DS, Hamilton-Fairley D, Seppala M, Koistinen R, James VH, Reed MJ, et al. Diet-induced changes in sex hormone–binding globulin and free testosterone in women with normal and polycystic ovaries: correlation with serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1989;31:757–763
  5. Pugeat M, Crave JC, Elmidani M, Nicolas MH, Garoscio-Cholet M, Lejeune H, et al. Pathophysiology of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG): relation to insulin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40:841–849
  6. Sharp PS, Kiddy DS, Reed MJ, Anyaoku V, Johnston DG, Franks S. Correlation of plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I with indices of androgen transport and metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 1991;35:253–257
  7. Yen SSC, Vela P, Rankin J. Inappropriate secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1970;30:435–442
  8. Knobil E. The neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1980;36:53–88
  9. Yen SS. The polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1980;12:177–207
  10. Karten MJ, Rivier JE. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog design. Structure-function studies toward the development of agonists and antagonists: rationale and perspective. Endocr Rev. 1986;7:44–66
  11. Reissmann T, Felberbaum R, Diedrich K, Engel J, Comaru-Schally AV. Development and applications of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone antagonists in the treatment of infertility: an overview. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:1974–1981
  12. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19:41–47
  13. Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Belosi C, Apa R, Pavone V, Lanzone A. A new ultrasound criterion for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: the ovarian stroma/total area ratio. Fertil Steril. 2001;76:326–331
  14. New MI, Lorenzen F, Lerner AJ, Kohn B, Oberfield SE, Pollack MS, et al. Genotyping steroid 21–hydroxylase deficiency: hormonal reference data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;57:320–326
  15. Pacini G, Bergman RN. MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 1986;23:113–122
  16. Rebar R, Judd HL, Yen SSC, Rakoff J, Vandenberg G, Naftolin F. Characterization of the inappropiate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1976;57:1320–1329
  17. Taylor AE, McCourt B, Martin KA, Anderson EJ, Adams JM, Schoenfeld D, et al. Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2248–2256
  18. Burger CW, Korsen T, van Kessel H, van Dop PA, Caron FJM, Shoemaker J. Pulsatile hormone patterns in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, polycystic ovarian disease (PCOSD) and non-PCOSD secondary amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;61:1126–1132
  19. Imse V, Holzapfel G, Hinney B, Kuhn W, Wuttke W. Comparison of luteinizing hormone pulsatility in the serum of women suffering from polycystic ovarian disease using a bioassay and five different immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:1053–1061
  20. Batrinos ML. Diagnostic dilemmas in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;687:230–234
  21. Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Burstein S, Ehrmann DA. Pituitary-ovarian responses to nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:559–565
  22. Tesarik J, Mendoza C. Direct non-genomic effects of follicular steroids on maturing human oocytes: oestrogen versus androgen antagonism. Hum Reprod Update. 1997;3:95–100
  23. Lanzone A, Fulghesu AM, Spina MA, Apa R, Menini E, Caruso A, et al. Successful induction of ovulation and conception with combined gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone in patients with polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;65:1253–1258
  24. Patel K, Coffler MS, Dahan MH, Malcom PJ, Deutsch R, Chang RJ. Relationship of GnRH-stimulated LH release to episodic LH secretion and baseline endocrine-metabolic measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2004;60:67–74
  25. Bramley TA, Menzies GS, Baird DT. Specific binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and an agonist to human corpus luteum homogenates: characterization, properties, and luteal phase levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;61:834–841
  26. Latouche J, Crumeyrolle-Arias M, Jordan D, Kopp N, Augendre-Ferrante B, Cedard L, et al. GnRH receptors in human granulosa cells: anatomical localization and characterization by auto radiographic study. Endocrinology. 1989;125:1739–1741
  27. Brus L, Lambalk CB, de Koning J, Helder MN, Janssens RM, Schoemaker J. Specific gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue binding predominantly in human luteinized follicular aspirates and not in human pre-ovulatory follicles. Hum Reprod. 1997;12:769–773
  28. Ortmann O, Weiss JM, Diedrich K. Embryo implantation and GnRH antagonists: ovarian actions of GnRH antagonists. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:608–611
  29. Weiss JM, Oltmanns K, Gürke EM, Polack S, Eick F, Felberbaum R, et al. Actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists on steroidogenesis in human granulosa lutein cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144:677–685
  30. Lin Y, Kahn JA, Hillensjö T. Is there a difference in the function of granulosa-luteal cells in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization either with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist?. Hum Reprod. 1999;14:885–888
  31. Minaretzis D, Alper MM, Oskowitz SP, Lobel SM, Mortola JF, Pavlou SN. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist versus agonist administration in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: cycle performance and in vitro steroidogenesis of granulosa-lutein cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:1518–1525
  32. Smith PF, Frawley LS, Neill JD. Detection of LH release from individual pituitary cells by the reverse hemolytic plaque assay: estrogen increases the fraction of gonadotropes responding to GnRH. Endocrinology. 1984;115:2484–2486
  33. Lobo RA, Granger R, Goebelsmann U, Mishell DR. Elevations in unbound serum estradiol as a possible mechanism for inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;52:156–158
  34. Xia YX, Weiss JM, Polack S, Diedrich K, Ortmann O. Interactions of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and estradiol with GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from female rat gonadotrophs. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144:73–79
  35. Weiss JM, Chi M, Polack S, Diedrich K, Ortmann O. Interactions of insulin-like growth factors and estradiol in rat pituitary gonadotrophs. Growth Factors. 2003;21:61–69
  36. Weiss JM, Polack S, Treeck O, Diedrich K, Ortmann O. Regulation of GnRH I receptor gene expression by the GnRH agonist triptorelin, estradiol, and progesterone in the gonadotroph-derived cell line alphaT3-1. Endocrine. 2006;30:139–144
  37. Griesinger G, Diedrich K, Tarlatzis BC, Kolibianakis EM. GnRH-antagonists in ovarian stimulation for IVF in patients with poor response to gonadotrophins, polycystic ovary syndrome, and risk of ovarian hyperstimulation: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006;13:628–638
  38. Orvieto R. Can we eliminate severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:320–322

 F.S. has nothing to disclose. R.A. has nothing to disclose. M.G. has nothing to disclose. P.V. has nothing to disclose. V.S. has nothing to disclose. F.M. has nothing to disclose. A.L. has nothing to disclose.

PII: S0015-0282(08)00486-X

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.120

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 91, Issue 5 , Pages 1857-1863 , May 2009