Fertility and Sterility
Volume 90, Issue 2 , Pages 258-264 , August 2008

Perspectives on hormone replacement therapy: the Women's Health Initiative and new observational studies sampling the overall population

  • Richard L. Tannen, M.D.
    • ,
  • Mark G. Weiner, M.D.
    • ,
  • Dawei Xie, Ph.D.
    • ,
  • Kurt Barnhart, M.D., M.S.C.E.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Kurt Barnhart, M.D., University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, 3701 Market Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (FAX: 215-349-5512).

Received 7 April 2008 ,Revised 5 May 2008 ,Accepted 6 May 2008.

References 

  1. Barnhart KT, Sammel M. The truth is out there: a guide to the pitfalls of interpreting evidence based medicine in studies of human reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:223–228
  2. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rosner B, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. J Engl J Med. 1996;335:453–461
  3. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfel MJ. A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:933–941
  4. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furbert C, Herrington D, Riggss B, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1998;280:605–613
  5. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in health postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321–333
  6. Grodstein F, Clarkson TB, Manson JE. Understanding the divergent data on postmenopausal hormone therapy. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:645–650
  7. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee . Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2004;291:1701–1712
  8. Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Wu L, Barad D, Barnabei VM, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA. 2007;297:1465–1477
  9. Manson JE, Matthew AA, Rossouw JE, Carr J, Langer RD, Hsia J, et al. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcification. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2591–2602
  10. Tannen RL, Weiner MG, Xie D, Barnhart K. A simulation using data from a primary care practice database closely replicated the women's health initiative trial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:686–695
  11. Weiner MG, Barnhart K, Xie D, Tannen RL. Hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease in young women. Menopause. 2008;15:86–93
  12. Tannen RL, Weiner MG, Xie D, Barnhart K. Estrogen affects post-menopausal women differently than estrogen plus progestin therapy. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:1769–1777
  13. Weiner MG, Xie D, Tannen RL. Replication of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study using a primary care medical record database prompted exploration of a new method to address unmeasured confounding. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. Published online March 10, 2008.
  14. Tannen RL, Weiner MG, Xie D. Replicated studies of two randomized trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: further empiric validation of the “prior event rate ratio” to adjust for unmeasured confounding by indication. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. Published online March 10, 2008.

 R.L.T. has nothing to disclose. M.G.W. has nothing to disclose. D.X. has nothing to disclose. K.B. has nothing to disclose.

 Supported by grant RO1-HL 073911 from the National Institutes of Health.

PII: S0015-0282(08)01137-0

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.031

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 90, Issue 2 , Pages 258-264 , August 2008

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