Fertility and Sterility
Volume 90, Issue 4 , Pages 911-940 , October 2008

Female reproductive disorders: the roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing

  • D. Andrew Crain, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Maryville College, Maryville, Tennessee
    • ,
  • Sarah J. Janssen, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.

      Affiliations

    • Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Thea M. Edwards, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
    • ,
  • Jerrold Heindel, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
    • ,
  • Shuk-mei Ho, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
    • ,
  • Patricia Hunt, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
    • ,
  • Taisen Iguchi, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
    • ,
  • Anders Juul, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Rigshospitalet, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • ,
  • John A. McLachlan, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Bioenvironmental Research at Tulane and Xavier Universities, New Orleans, Louisiana
    • ,
  • Jackie Schwartz, M.P.H.

      Affiliations

    • Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Niels Skakkebaek, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Rigshospitalet, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • ,
  • Ana M. Soto, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
    • ,
  • Shanna Swan, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
    • ,
  • Cheryl Walker, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Smithville, Texas
    • ,
  • Teresa K. Woodruff, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
    • ,
  • Tracey J. Woodruff, Ph.D., M.P.H.

      Affiliations

    • Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Linda C. Giudice, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Louis J. Guillette Jr., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Louis J. Guillette, Jr., Ph.D., 223 Bartram Hall, Box 118525, Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525 (FAX: 352-392-3704).

Received 14 May 2008 ,Accepted 13 August 2008.

  • Image Result

    Development of the PCOS phenotype. The combined influence of genetically inherited factors and embryonic and fetal exposure to environmental factors leads to the onset of PCOS in adulthood. The metabo

    Development of the PCOS phenotype. The combined influence of genetically inherited factors and embryonic and fetal exposure to environmental factors leads to the onset of PCOS in adulthood. The metabolic, as well as reproductive, disruptions associated with PCOS phenotype are shown. Based on Xita and Tsatsoulis (53).

  • Image Result
    Environmental factors influencing early puberty.

    Environmental factors influencing early puberty.

  • Image Result
    Well-defined developmental periods of sensitivity when EDC exposure greatly increases the risk for reproductive disorders.

    Well-defined developmental periods of sensitivity when EDC exposure greatly increases the risk for reproductive disorders.

 D.A.C. has nothing to disclose. S.J.J. has nothing to disclose. T.M.E. has nothing to disclose. J.H. has nothing to disclose. S.-m.H. has nothing to disclose. P.H. has nothing to disclose. T.I. has nothing to disclose. A.J. has nothing to disclose. J.A.M. has nothing to disclose. J.S. has nothing to disclose. N.S. has nothing to disclose. A.M.S. has nothing to disclose. S.S. has nothing to disclose. C.W. has nothing to disclose. T.K.W. has nothing to disclose. T.W. has nothing to disclose. L.C.G. has nothing to disclose. L.J.G. has nothing to disclose.

 This article may be the work product of an employee or group of employees of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH); however, the statements, opinions, or conclusions contained therein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the United States government.

 Funding for this project was provided by John Burbank and Alison Carlson, the Barbara Smith Fund, the Johnson Family Foundation, The New York Community Trust, and Turner Foundation, Inc.

PII: S0015-0282(08)03555-3

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 90, Issue 4 , Pages 911-940 , October 2008

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