Fertility and Sterility
Volume 91, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages 1563-1567 , April 2009

Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome on cardiovascular risk

  • Manfredi Rizzo, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Manfredi Rizzo, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Internal Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141–90127, Palermo, Italy (FAX: +39-091-6552982).
  • ,
  • Kaspar Berneis, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Clinics for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
  • ,
  • Giatgen Spinas, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Clinics for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
  • ,
  • Giovam Battista Rini, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • ,
  • Enrico Carmina, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Received 19 June 2008 ,Revised 22 September 2008 ,Accepted 23 September 2008.

References 

  1. Guzick DS. Cardiovascular risk in PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3694–3695
  2. Lobo RA, Carmina E. The importance of diagnosing the polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:989–993
  3. Legro RS. Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease: a premature association?. Endocr Rev. 2003;24:302–312
  4. Kelly CC, Lyall H, Petrie JR, Gould GW, Connell JM, Sattar N. Low grade chronic inflammation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:2453–2455
  5. Boulman N, Boulman N, Levy Y, Leiba R, Shachar S, Linn R, et al. Increased C-reactive protein levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a marker of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2160–2165
  6. Möhlig M, Spranger J, Osterhoff M, Ristow M, Pfeiffer AF, Schill T, et al. The polycystic ovary syndrome per se is not associated with increased chronic inflammation. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150:525–532
  7. Panidis D, Kourtis A, Farmakiotis D, Mouslech T, Rousso D, Koliakos G. Serum adiponectin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:1790–1796
  8. Spranger J, Möhlig M, Wegewitz U, Ristow M, Pfeiffer AF, Schill T, et al. Adiponectin is independently associated with insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 2004;61:738–746
  9. Sampson M, Kong C, Patel A, Unwin R, Jacobs HS. Ambulatory blood pressure profiles and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity in lean women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol. 1996;45:623–629
  10. Dahlgren E, Janson PO, Johansson S, Lapidus L, Lindstedt G, Tengborn L. Hemostatic and metabolic variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1994;61:455–460
  11. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Spina G, Kouli C, Migdalis I. Increased endothelin-1 levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the beneficial effect of metformin therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4666–4673
  12. Loverro G, Lorusso F, Mei L, Depalo R, Cormio G, Selvaggi L. The plasma homocysteine levels are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2002;53:157–162
  13. Sabuncu T, Vural H, Harma M. Oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome and its contribution to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Clin Biochem. 2001;34:407–413
  14. Cussons AJ, Stuckey BG, Watts GF. Cardiovascular disease in the polycystic ovary syndrome: new insights and perspectives. Atherosclerosis. 2006;185:227–239
  15. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Med. 2001;111:607–613
  16. Berneis K, Rizzo M, Fruzzetti F, Lazzaroni V, Carmina E. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:186–189
  17. Valkenburg O, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Smedts HP, Dallinga-Thie GM, Fauser BC, Westerveld EH, et al. A more atherogenic serum lipoprotein profile is present in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:470–476
  18. Berneis K, Rizzo M, Hersberger M, Rini GB, Di Fede G, Pepe I, et al. Atherogenic forms of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;In press
  19. Rizzo M, Berneis K. Low-density-lipoproteins size and cardiovascular risk assessment. [published correction appears in QJM 2007;100:147] QJM. 2006;99:1–14
  20. Tíras MB, Yalcìn R, Noyan V, Maral I, Yìldìrìm M, Dörtlemez O, et al. Alterations in cardiac flow parameters in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod. 1999;14:1949–1952
  21. Orio F, Palomba S, Spinellli L, Cascella T, Tauchmanova L, Zullo F, et al. The cardiovascular risk of young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational, analytical, prospective case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3696–3701
  22. Kelly CJ, Speirs A, Gould GW, Petrie JR, Lyall H, Connell JM. Altered vascular function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:742–746
  23. Lakhani K, Constantinovici N, Purcell WM, Fernando R, Hardiman P. Internal carotid artery haemodynamics in women with polycystic ovaries. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000;98:661–665
  24. Tarkun I, Arslan BC, Cantürk Z, Türemen E, Sahin T, Duman C. Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5592–5596
  25. Orio F, Palomba S, Cascella T, De Simone B, Di Biase S, Russo T, et al. Early impairment of endothelial structure and function in young normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:4588–4593
  26. Kravariti M, Naka KK, Kalantaridou SN, Kazakos N, Katsouras CS, Makrigiannakis A, et al. Predictors of endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:5088–5095
  27. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Alexandraki K, Protogerou A, Piperi C, Papamichael C, Aessopos A, et al. Metformin administration improves endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;152:749–756
  28. Carmina E, Orio F, Palomba S, Longo RA, Cascella T, Colao A, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in PCOS: role of obesity and adipose hormones. Am J Med. 2006;119:356;e1–6
  29. Talbott EO, Guzick DS, Sutton-Tyrrell K, McHugh-Pemu K, Zborowski J, Remsberg K, et al. Evidence for association between polycystic ovary syndrome and premature carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:2414–2421
  30. Guzick DS, Talbott EO, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Herzog HC, Kuller LH, Wolfson SK. Carotid atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: initial results from a case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1224–1229
  31. Talbott EO, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Boudreaux MY, Edmundowicz DA, Guzick DS. Evidence for an association between metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and coronary and aortic calcification among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5454–5461
  32. Christian RC, Dumesic DA, Behrenbeck T, Oberg A, Sheedy PF, Fitzpatrick L. Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcification in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2562–2568
  33. Birdsall MA, Farquhar CM, White HD. Association between polycystic ovaries and extent of coronary artery disease in women having cardiac catheterization. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:32–35
  34. Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Gomez J, Candas B. Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2396–2402
  35. Bili H, Laven J, Imani B, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BC. Age-related differences in features associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in normogonadotrophic oligo-amenhorroeic infertile women of reproductive years. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;145:749–755
  36. Koivunen R, Laatikainen T, Tomas C, Huhtaniemi I, Tapanainen J, Martikainen H. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in healthy women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999;78:137–141
  37. Elting MW, Korsen TJ, Rekers-Mombarg LT, Schoemaker J. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome gain regular menstrual cycles when ageing. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:24–28
  38. Vulpoi C, Lecomte C, Guilloteau D, Lecomte P. Ageing and reproduction: is polycystic ovary syndrome an exception?. Ann. Endocrinol (Paris). 2007;68:45–50
  39. Shaw LJ, Merz CN, Azziz R, Stanczyk FZ, Sopko G, Braunstein GD, et al. Post-menopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published online January 8, 2008.
  40. Dahlgren E, Johansson S, Lindstet G, Knutsson F, Oden A, Janson PO, et al. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956–1965: a long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones. Fertil Steril. 1992;57:505–513
  41. Dahlgren E, Janson PO, Johansson S, Lapidus L, Oden A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for myocardial infarction. Evaluated from a risk factor model based on a prospective population study of women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1992;71:599–604
  42. Pierpoint T, McKeigue PM, Isaacs AJ, Wild SH, Jacobs HS. Mortality of woman with polycystic ovary syndrome at long term follow up. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51:581–586
  43. Wild SH, Pierpoint T, Mckeigue PM, Jacobs HS. Cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long-term follow-up: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Endocrinol. 2000;52:595–600
  44. Dawber TR, Meadors GF, Moore FE. Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Public Health. 1951;41:279–281
  45. Cibula D, Cifkova R, Fanta M, Poledne R, Zivny J, Skibova J. Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease in perimenopausal women with a history of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:785–789
  46. Elting MW, Korsen TJ, Bezemer PD, Schoemaker J. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac complaints in a follow-up study of a Dutch PCOS population. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:556–560
  47. Talbott EO, Zborowski JV, Sutton-Tyrrell K, McHugh-Pemu KP, Guzick DS. Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2001;28:111–133
  48. Krentz AJ, von Mühlen D, Barrett-Connor E. Searching for polycystic ovary syndrome in postmenopausal women: evidence of a dose–effect association with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Menopause. 2007;14:284–292

 M.R. has nothing to disclose. K.B. has nothing to disclose. G.S. has nothing to disclose. G.B.R. has nothing to disclose. E.C. has nothing to disclose.

PII: S0015-0282(08)04099-5

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.070

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 91, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages 1563-1567 , April 2009