Fertility and Sterility
Volume 93, Issue 2 , Pages 455-466 , 15 January 2010

Looking back: egg donors' retrospective evaluations of their motivations, expectations, and experiences during their first donation cycle

  • Nancy J. Kenney, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology and Women Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Nancy J. Kenney, Ph.D., Departments of Psychology and Women Studies, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98915-1525 (FAX: 206-685-3157).
  • ,
  • Michelle L. McGowan, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Received 25 June 2008 ,Revised 20 September 2008 ,Accepted 30 September 2008.

References 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005 assisted reproductive technology (ART) report: national summary. Atlanta: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2007;
  2. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 2006 guidelines for gamete and embryo donation. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:S38–S50
  3. Craft I, Johnson MH, Sauer MV. Should egg donors be paid?. BMJ. 1997;314:1400–1403
  4. Khamsi F, Endman MW, Lacanna IC, Wong J. Some psychological aspects of oocyte donation from known donors on altruistic basis. Fertil Steril. 1997;68:323–327
  5. Soderstrom-Anttila V. Follow-up study of Finnish volunteer oocyte donors concerning their attitudes to oocyte donation. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:3073–3076
  6. Winter A, Daniluk JC. A gift from the heart: the experiences of women whose egg donations helped their sisters become mothers. J Counseling Dev. 2004;82:483
  7. Yee S, Hitkari JA, Greenblatt EM. A follow-up study of women who donated oocytes to known recipient couples for altruistic reasons. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:2040–2050
  8. Ahuja KK, Mostyn BJ, Simons EG. Egg sharing and egg donation: attitudes of British egg donors and recipients. Hum Reprod. 1997;12:2845–2852
  9. Ahuja KK, Simons EG, Mostyn BJ, Bowen-Simpkins P. An assessment of the motives and morals of egg share donors: policy of ‘payments’ to egg donors requires a fair review. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:2671–2678
  10. Byrd L, Sidebotham M, Lieberman B. Egg donation—the donor's view: an aid to future recruitment. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2002;5:175–182
  11. Fielding D, Handley S, Duqueno L, Weaver S, Lui S. Motivation, attitudes, and experience of donation: a follow-up of women donating eggs in assisted conception treatment. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 1998;8:273–287
  12. Kan AKS, Abdalla HI, Ogunyemi BO, Korea L, Latarche E. A survey of anonymous oocyte donors: demographics. Hum Reprod. 1998;13:2762–2766
  13. Kirkland A, Power M, Burton G, Baber R, Studd J, Abdalla H. Comparison of attitudes of donors and recipients to oocyte donation. Hum Reprod. 1992;7:355–357
  14. Maggs-Rapport F. Egg donation: a gift of love. Nurs Stand. 1999;13:14–16
  15. Snowdon C. What makes a mother? Interviews with women involved in egg donation and surrogacy. Birth. 1994;21:77–84
  16. Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. Canadian assisted reproductive technologies register 2004 interim report. Montreal: Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society; 2005;
  17. Nyboe Andersen A, Goossens V, Gianaroli L, Felberbaum R, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2003. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:1513–1525
  18. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Number of sperm and egg donors. London: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority; 2007;
  19. Kalfoglou AL, Gittelsohn J. A qualitative follow-up study of women's experiences with oocyte donation. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:798–805
  20. Klock SC, Stout JE, Davidson M. Psychological characteristics and factors related to willingness to donate again among anonymous oocyte donors. Fertil Steril. 2003;79:1312–1316
  21. Lindheim SR, Chase J, Sauer MV. Assessing the influence of payment on motivations of women participating as oocyte donors. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2001;52:89–92
  22. Partrick M, Smith AL, Meyer WR, Bashford RA. Anonymous oocyte donation: a follow-up questionnaire. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:1034–1036
  23. Klock SC, Braverman AM, Rausch DT. Predicting anonymous egg donor satisfaction: a preliminary study. J Womens Health. 1998;7:229–237
  24. Lessor R, Cervantes N, O'Connor N, Balmaceda J, Asch RH. An analysis of social and psychological characteristics of women volunteering to become oocyte donors. Fertil Steril. 1993;59:65–71
  25. Schover LR, Collins RI, Quigley MM, Blankstein J, Kanoti G. Psychological follow-up of women evaluated as oocyte donors. Hum Reprod. 1991;6:1487–1491
  26. Braverman AM, Corson SL. A comparison of oocyte donors' and gestational carriers/surrogates' attitudes towards third party reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002;19:462–469
  27. Jordan CB, Belar CD, Williams RS. Anonymous oocyte donation: a follow-up analysis of donors' experiences. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;25:145–151
  28. Rosenberg H, Epstein Y. Follow-up-study of anonymous ovum donors. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:2741–2747
  29. Asch DA, Jedrziewski MK, Christakis NA. Response rates to mail surveys published in medical journals. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:1129–1136
  30. Ochs E, Capps L. Narrating the self. Ann Rev Anthropol. 1996;25:19–43
  31. Almeling R. ‘Why do you want to be a donor?': gender and the production of altruism in egg and sperm donation. New Genet Society. 2006;25:143–157
  32. Koren G, Maltepe C, Navioz Y, Wolpin J. Recall bias of the symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:485–488
  33. Simkin P. Just another day in a woman's life? Women's long-term perceptions of their first birth experience. Part I. Birth. 1991;18:203–210
  34. Brinton LA, Moghissi KS, Scoccia B, Westhoff CL, Lamb EJ. Ovulation induction and cancer risk. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:261–274
  35. Klip H, van Leeuwen FE, Schats R, Burger CW. Risk of benign gynaecological diseases and hormonal disorders according to responsiveness to ovarian stimulation in IVF: a follow-up study of 8714 women. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:1951–1958
  36. Mahdavi A, Pejovic T, Nezhat F. Induction of ovulation and ovarian cancer: a critical review of the literature. Fertil Steril. 2006;85:819–826
  37. Salhab M, Al Sarakbi W, Mokbel K. In vitro fertilization and breast cancer risk: a review. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2005;50:259–266
  38. Farrell R, Baruch S, Hudson K. IVF, egg donation, and women's health. Washington, DC: Genetics and Public Policy Center; 2006;

 N.J.K. has nothing to disclose. M.L.M. has nothing to disclose.

 Support for this research was provided by a grant from the University of Washington's Royalty Research Fund (Spring 2003 Proposal #3009).

PII: S0015-0282(08)04125-3

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.081

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 93, Issue 2 , Pages 455-466 , 15 January 2010