Fertility and Sterility
Volume 93, Issue 7 , Pages 2232-2235 , 1 May 2010

Combination clomiphene citrate and antioxidant therapy for idiopathic male infertility: a randomized controlled trial

  • Hussein Ghanem, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Hussein Ghanem, M.D., 139 A El Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (TEL: +202 37613334; FAX: +202 25931739).
    • ,
  • Osama Shaeer, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Amgad El-Segini, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Received 23 September 2008 ,Revised 27 December 2008 ,Accepted 19 January 2009.

References 

  1. Meacham RB, Lipshultz LI, Howards SS. Male infertility. In:  Gillenwater JY,  Grayhack JT,  Howards SS,  Duckett JW editor. Adult and pediatric urology. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1996;p. 1747–1802
  2. Wang C, Chan C, Wong K, Yeung K. Comparison of the effectiveness of placebo, clomiphene citrate, mesterolone, pentoxifylline, and testosterone rebound therapy for the treatment of idiopathic oligospermia. Fertil Steril. 1983;4:358–365
  3. Brandell RA, Goldstein M. Varicocele and its role in male infertility. Infert Reprod Med Clin North Am. 1999;10:471–481
  4. Smals A, Pieters G, Drayer J. Tamoxifen suppresses gonadotropin-induced 16-a-hydroxy-progesterone accumulation in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51:1026–1029
  5. Damber J, Abramsson L, Duchek M. Tamoxifen treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia: effect on hCG-induced testicular steroidogenesis and semen variables. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1989;23:241–246
  6. Devi P. Antiestrogens. Pharmacol Ther. 1981;12:439–447
  7. Heller C, Rowley M, Heller G. Clomiphene citrate: a correlation of its effects on sperm concentration and morphology, total gonadotrophin and testicular cytology in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1969;29:638–649
  8. Sheweita SA, Tilmisany AM, Al-Sawaf H. Mechanisms of male infertility: role of antioxidants. Curr Drug Metab. 2005;6:495–501
  9. Ammar K, Chakroun F, Rebai T, Sahnoun Z, Ghozzi H, Hammami S, et al. Sperm oxidative stress and the effect of an oral vitamin E and selenium supplement on semen quality in infertile men. Arch Androl. 2003;49:83–94
  10. Adamopolous DA, Nicopoulou S, Pappa A, Billa E, Koukkou E, Michopoulos J. Effectiveness of combined tamoxifen citrate and testosterone undecanoate treatment in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:914–920
  11. Lenzi A, Sgro P, Salacone P, Paoli D, Gilio B, Lombardo F, et al. A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial of the use of combined L-carnitine and L- acetyl carnitine treatment in men with asthenozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:1578–1584
  12. Comhaire F, El Garem Y, Mahmoud A, Eertmans F, Schoonjans F. Combined conventional antioxidant “Astaxanthin” treatment for male infertility: a double blind, randomized trial. Asian J Androl. 2005;7:257–262
  13. Balercia G, Regoli F, Armeni T, Koverech A, Mantero F, Boscaro M. Placebo-controlled double blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. Fertil Steril. 2005;84:662–671
  14. World Health Organization. Laboratory manual of the WHO for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2001;37:1–123
  15. Ghanem H, Shamloul R. An evidence based perspective to the medical treatment of male infertility: a short review. Urol Int. 2009;82:125–129

 H.G. has nothing to disclose. O.S. has nothing to disclose. A.E-S. has nothing to disclose.

PII: S0015-0282(09)00236-2

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.117

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 93, Issue 7 , Pages 2232-2235 , 1 May 2010

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