Fertility and Sterility
Volume 94, Issue 1 , Pages 221-229 , June 2010

Impact of fatness, insulin, and gynecological age on luteinizing hormone secretory dynamics in adolescent females

  • Josephine Z. Kasa-Vubu, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Josephine Z. Kasa-Vubu, M.D, M.S., Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Division, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48019-0718 (FAX: 734-615-3353).
    • ,
  • Vandana Jain, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    • ,
  • Kathy Welch, M.S.

      Affiliations

    • Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Received 12 July 2008 ,Revised 19 February 2009 ,Accepted 25 February 2009.

References 

  1. Frisch RE. Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility. Hum Reprod. 1987;2:521–533
  2. Lazaro L, Toro J, Canalda G, Castro J, Martinez E, Puig J. Clinical, psychological and biological variables in a group of 108 adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa. Med Clin (Barc). 1996;107:169–174
  3. Krassas GE. Endocrine abnormalities in anorexia nervosa. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2003;1:46–54
  4. Smiarowska M. Leptin and it's potential role in the pathomechanism of some hormonal and metabolic disorders of patients with anorexia nervosa. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2002;48:351–365
  5. Pierson M, Deschamps JP, Leheup B. Les variations dites séculaires de la croissance et de la puberté. Arch Fr Pediatr. 1987;44:327–330
  6. Wellens R, Malina RM, Beunen G, Lefebre J. Age at menarche in Flemish girls: current status and secular change in the 20th century. Ann Hum Bio. 1990;17:145–152
  7. Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32:1035–1041
  8. McCartney CR, Blank SK, Prendergast KA, Chhabra S, Eagleson CA, Helm KD, et al. Obesity and sex steroid changes across puberty: evidence for marked hyperandrogenemia in pre- and early pubertal obese girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:430–436
  9. McCartney CR, Prendergast KA, Chhabra S, Eagleson CA, Yoo R, Chang RJ, et al. The association of obesity and hyperandrogenemia during the pubertal transition in girls: obesity as a potential factor in the genesis of postpubertal hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:1714–1722
  10. Apter D, Butzow TL, Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity during pubertal transition in girls: pulsatile and diurnal patterns of circulating gonadotropins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76:940–949
  11. Resende EA, Lara BH, Reis JD, Ferreira BP, Pereira GA, Borges MF. Assessment of basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated gonadotropins by immunochemiluminometric and immunofluorometric assays in normal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1424–1429
  12. Huber-Buchholz MM, Carey DG, Norman RJ. Restoration of reproductive potential by lifestyle modification in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: role of insulin sensitivity and luteinizing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:1470–1474
  13. Coviello AD, Legro RS, Dunaif A. Adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome associated with increasing androgen levels independent of obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:492–497
  14. Blank SK, McCartney CR, Marshall JC. The origins and sequelae of abnormal neuroendocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2006;12:351–361
  15. Taylor AE, McCourt B, Martin KA, Anderson EJ, Adams JM, Schoenfeld D, et al. Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2248–2256
  16. Kasa-Vubu JZ, Lee CC, Rosenthal A, Singer K, Halter JB. Cardiovascular fitness and exercise as determinants of insulin resistance in postpubertal adolescent females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:849–854
  17. Arroyo A, Laughlin GA, Morales AJ, Yen SS. Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3728–3733
  18. Rebar R, Judd HL, Yen SS, Rakoff J, Vandenberg G, Naftolin F. Characterization of the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1976;57:1320–1329
  19. Waldstreicher J, Santoro NF, Hall JE, Filicori M, Crowley WF. Hyperfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in women with polycystic ovarian disease: indirect evidence for partial gonadotroph desensitization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;66:165–172
  20. 2002. CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. D.o.H.a.H. Services, editor. National Center for Health Statistics 2000 (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/growthcharts/set1/chart16.pdf). Last accessed June 1, 2008.
  21. Food and Nutrition BoardCommission on Life Sciences., and National Research Council. Recommended dietary allowances. Washingtoin D.C.: National Academy Press; 1989;29–33
  22. Spritzer PM, Poy M, Wiltgen D, Mylius LS, Capp E. Leptin concentrations in hirsute women with polycystic ovary syndrome or idiopathic hirsutism: influence on LH and relationship with hormonal, metabolic, and anthropometric measurements. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:1340–1346
  23. Cemeroglu AP, Kletter GB, Guo W, Brown MB, Kelch RP, Marshall JC, et al. In pubertal girls, naloxone fails to reverse the suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion by estradiol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:3501–3506
  24. Symons JP, Sowers MF, Harlow SD. Relationship of body composition measures and menstrual cycle length. Ann Hum Biol. 1997;24:107–116
  25. Shalitin S, Phillip M. Role of obesity and leptin in the pubertal process and pubertal growth—a review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:869–874
  26. Livshits G, Pantsulaia I, Gerber LM. Association of leptin levels with obesity and blood pressure: possible common genetic variation. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29:85–92
  27. Veldhuis JD, Johnson ML. Cluster analysis: a simple, versatile, and robust algorithm for endocrine pulse detection. Am J Physiol. 1886;250:E486–E493
  28. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–419
  29. 2003 EndocrineSciences. Las Calabasa, CA: EndocrineSciences. Endocrinology expected values and SI unit conversion tables (http://www.esoterix.com/endocrinology/related/expected_values.pdf). Last accessed June 1, 2008.
  30. Maqsood AR, Trueman JA, Whatmore AJ, Westwood M, Price DA, Hall CM, et al. The relationship between nocturnal urinary leptin and gonadotrophins as children progress towards puberty. Horm Res. 2007;68:225–230
  31. Holtkamp K, Mika C, Grzella I, Heer M, Pak H, Hebebrand J, et al. Reproductive function during weight gain in anorexia nervosa. Leptin represents a metabolic gate to gonadotropin secretion. J Neural Transm. 2003;110:427–435
  32. Garcia-Mayor RV, Andrade MA, Rios M, Lage M, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Serum leptin levels in normal children: relationship to age, gender, body mass index, pituitary-gonadal hormones, and pubertal stage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2849–2855
  33. Kasa-Vubu JZ, Dahl GE, Evans NP, Thrun LA, Moenter SM, Padmanabhan V, et al. Progesterone blocks the estradiol-induced gonadotropin discharge in the ewe by inhibiting the surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology. 1992;131:208–212
  34. March CM, Marrs RP, Goebelsmann U, Mishell DR. Feedback effects of estradiol and progesterone upon gonadotropin and prolactin release. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;58:10–16
  35. Steckler TL, Herkimer C, Dumesic DA, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: excess weight gain amplifies the effects of prenatal testosterone excess on reproductive cyclicity—implication to PCOS. Endocrinology. 2009;150:1456–1465
  36. Ecochard R, Marret H, Barbato M, Boehringer H. Gonadotropin and body mass index: high FSH levels in lean, normally cycling women. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96:8–12
  37. Bouvattier C, Lahlou N, Roger M, Bougneres P. Hyperleptinaemia is associated with impaired gonadotrophin response to GnRH during late puberty in obese girls, not boys. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;138:653–658
  38. Adashi EY, Hsueh AJW, Yen SS. Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1981;108:1441–1449Adashi EY, Hsueh AJW, Yen SS. Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1981;108:1441–1449
  39. Banaszewska B, Spaczynski RZ, Pelesz M, Pawelczyk L. Incidence of elevated LH/FSH ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome women with normo- and hyperinsulinemia. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2003;48:131–134
  40. Dunaif A, Graf M. Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1989;83:23–29
  41. Burghen GA, Givens JR, Kitabchi AE. Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;50:113–116
  42. Nobels F, Dewailly D. Puberty and polycystic ovarian syndrome: the insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hypothesis. Fertil Steril. 1992;58:655–666
  43. Qin KN, Rosenfield RL. Role of cytochrome P450c17 in polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;145:111–121
  44. Legro RS. Diagnostic criteria in polycystic ovary syndrome. Semin Reprod Med. 2003;21:267–275
  45. Vermeulen A. Reflections concerning biochemical parameters of androgenicity. Aging Male. 2004;7:280–289

 J.Z.K.-V. has nothing to disclose. V.J. has nothing to disclose. K.W. has nothing to disclose.

 Supported by 1K23DK065995 award (J.K.-V.), and General Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR-0042. This work also used the Chemistry Laboratory of the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center funded by NIH5P60 DK20572 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

PII: S0015-0282(09)00499-3

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.072

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 94, Issue 1 , Pages 221-229 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution