Fertility and Sterility
Volume 94, Issue 3 , Pages 1097.e1-1097.e3 , August 2010

Epidermal inclusion cyst of the clitoris 30 years after female genital mutilation

  • Albert Asante, M.D., M.P.H.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Albert Asante, M.D., M.P.H., Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Room 412, 69 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 (FAX: (404) 521-3589).
    • ,
  • Kenan Omurtag, M.D.
    • ,
  • Carla Roberts, M.D., Ph.D.

Received 14 December 2009 ,Revised 28 January 2010 ,Accepted 1 February 2010.

References 

  1. Joint WHO/FIGO Task Force. Female circumcision. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1992;45:153–154
  2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Guidelines for women's health care. 3rd ed.. Seattle, Washington: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2007;242–243
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). Female genital mutilation. Fact sheet no. 241 Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO) Media Center; 2008;
  4. World Health Organization (WHO). Female genital mutilation: prevalence and distribution. Fact sheet no. 153 Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO) Media Center; 1997;
  5. Kelly E, Hillard PJ. Female genital mutilation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005;17:490–494
  6. Yoong WC, Shakya R, Sanders BT, Lind J. Clitoral inclusion cyst: a complication of type I female genital mutilation. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;24:98–99
  7. Rouzi AA, Sindi O, Radhan B, Ba'aqeel H. Epidermal clitoral inclusion cyst after type I female genital mutilation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:569–571
  8. Kroll GL, Miller L. Vulvar epithelial inclusion cyst as a late complication of childhood female traditional genital surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:509–510
  9. Larsen U, Okonofua FE. Female circumcision and obstetric complications. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;77:255–265
  10. Adekunle AO, Fakokunde FA, Odukogbe AA, Fawole AO. Female genital mutilation—postcircumcision vulval complications in Nigerians. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999;19:632–635
  11. Ofodile FA, Oluwasanmi JO. Post-circumcision epidermoid inclusion cysts of the clitoris. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1979;63:485–486
  12. Rizk DE. A large clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst first presenting in adulthood following childhood circumcision. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;27:445–448
  13. Rouzi AA. Clitoral cyst: not a very rare complication of female genital mutilation. Fertil Steril. 2009;92:S118
  14. Al-Maghrabi J. Postcircumcision epidermoid inclusion cyst of the vulva containing multiple stones. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2005;90:155–156
  15. Hanly MG, Ojeda VJ. Epidermal inclusion cysts of the clitoris as a complication of female circumcision and pharaonic infibulation. Cent Afr J Med. 1995;41:22–24
  16. Ezem BU. Delayed presentation of clitoridal cyst: a case report. Niger J Med. 2007;16:272–273

 A.A. has nothing to disclose. K.O. has nothing to disclose. C.R. has nothing to disclose.

PII: S0015-0282(10)00252-9

doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.02.007

Fertility and Sterility
Volume 94, Issue 3 , Pages 1097.e1-1097.e3 , August 2010

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